Formulation of a Mapping Formula to Estimate Well-Being Utility from Clinical Subjective Well-Being Scales

Abstract

Purpose

Cost-effective analysis is one of the most useful analyses for political decision-making in medicine under a limited budget. Although the data of the ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults (ICECAP-A) is sometimes essential for the measurement of cost effectiveness, such data are often lacking in most clinical trials. Therefore, a conversion formula (ie mapping) derived from the values of clinical assessment scales into utility is required.

Patients and Methods

We used an internet survey where 500 general residents were asked to fill in four kinds of self-reported questionnaires [ICECAP-A, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Flourishing Scale (FS), and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE)]. A beta regression was conducted with the utility assessed by ICECAP-A as a dependent variable.

Results

We developed several mapping formulae depending on available questionnaires. These mapping formulae were well-validated in our validation sample. The models using a greater number of questionnaires tended to show better mapping.

Conclusion

The mapping function of our formula was within the range of other reported mapping studies. We believe this formula is useful for cost effective analyses of several trials where utility data are lacking.

Keywords:

• mapping
• well-being
• ICECAP
• SWLS
• FS
• SPANE

Abbreviations

ICECAP-A, the ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults; SWLS, Satisfaction with Life Scale; FS: Flourishing Scale; SPANE, Scale of Positive and Negative Experience; QALYs, quality adjusted life years; OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; MAE, mean absolute error; RMSE, root mean squared error.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Edoga Inc. The funding source had no role in the study design, data collection, management, analysis, interpretation of the data, or in the writing of the paper.

Disclosure

Prof. Dr. Masaru Mimura reports personal fees and/or grant from Byer Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma, Fuji Film RI Pharma, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Pharmaceutical, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Mylan, MSD, Nihon Medi-physics, Nippon Chemipher, Novartis Pharma, Ono Yakuhin, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Santen Pharmaceutical, Shire Japan, Takeda Yakuhin, Tsumura, Yoshitomi Yakuhin, Shionogi, and Tanabe Mitsubishi, outside the submitted work. The author reports no other conflicts of interest in this work.