Prostate Cancer Screening Practice and Associated Factors Among Men in Public Health Facilities of Hossana Town, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background

Prostate cancer is a disease of the prostate gland. It is a recognized tumour in men and is common worldwide. It is the second most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of death in males worldwide. Worldwide, prostate cancer screening continues to be a highly contested topic with a variety of differences in recommendations for screening uptake. However, for men considered to be at risk, screening continues to be the most effective method for lowering death through early identification of prostate cancer.

Objective

To determine prostate cancer screening practice and associated factors among adult men in public health facilities of Hossana Town, Ethiopia.

Methods

Facility-based cross-sectional design was used. All adult men, whose age >40 years attending public health facilities found in Hossana town were included in this study. From each public health facility, representative numbers of participants who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in the study. A total of 422 sample sizes of adult men were used. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select study participants in each health facility. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data. Both descriptive and advanced analyses were performed using SPSS software version 26.0. In bivariable analysis, variables with a p-value <0.25 were considered for multivariable analysis. Finally, odds ratio with 95% CI and p-value <0.05 were used to declare factors as significantly associated with the outcome variable.

Results

About 7.2% (30) of the participants were screened for prostate cancer in this study. Ever heard about prostate cancer [AOR=26 (7.06–96.90)], family history of prostate cancer [AOR=15.5(5.18–46.77)] and awareness of anyone who has undergone prostate cancer screening [AOR= 6.8(1.95–23.64)] were identified independent predictors for prostate screening practice.

Conclusion

In this study, prostate cancer screening practice is low. Ever heard about prostate cancer, family history of prostate cancer and awareness of anyone who has undergone prostate cancer screening were independent predictors of prostate cancer screening practice. Intervention measures aiming to increase awareness about prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening should be done.

Keywords:

• prostate cancer
• screening practice
• adult men
• health facilities
• Hossana

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets of this study will be available upon reasonable request.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participant

Ethical approval committees of Wachemo University have approved this study according to the relevant guidelines and regulations of the university as indicated by approval number Ref. WCU/213/2022 and by the Declaration of Helsinki. Wachemo University provided a formal letter, which was forwarded to the public health facilities. After getting approval, informed consent was gained from each participant after it was made clear that there was no need to collect any other kind of data beyond verbal responses, such as blood or bodily fluids. They have been informed that we are free to end our participation at any moment and without penalty. Participants’ privacy was also protected at all times during the research process.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Wachemo University for providing this study with ethical approval. The authors would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to the data managers, participants, and collectors for their willingness to take part in the study.

Disclosure

The authors declare that they do not have conflicts of interest in this work.