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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Incidence and Predictors of Adverse Drug Events Among People Receiving Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment in Uganda: 8-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 1117-1127 | Received 29 Jul 2022, Accepted 12 Dec 2022, Published online: 07 Nov 2023
 

Abstract

Background

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are regarded as the most essential therapeutic issue during management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) due to the long duration of therapy and concurrent use of many second-line medications. This study aimed to determine the incidence and factors associated with ADEs among patients receiving DR-TB treatment at Mulago hospital in Uganda.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 417 DR-TB patient records at Mulago National Referral Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020. Using the data abstraction form, data were collected on socio-demographic and clinical factors, adverse drug events and treatment follow-up time. Data were double entered in Epi data version 3.2 and later exported to Stata version 14.0 for analysis. The incidence rate of adverse drug events was computed using number of cases of ADE divided by overall patient follow-up time. Poisson regression model was used to determine the factors associated with ADEs. The predictors were considered significant at if p< 0.05.

Results

The overall incidence was 5.56 ADEs per 100 person months (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.01, 6.15). Treatment regimens containing an aminoglycoside (incident rate ratio (IRR) 1.106, 95% CI 1.005–1.216 p=0.0391), linezolid (IRR 1.145, 95% CI 1.008–1.229 p = 0.037) or pyrazinamide (IRR 1.226, 95% CI 1.072–1.401 p = 0.003) and the treatment duration (in months) (IRR 1.005, 95% CI 1.001–1.010 p = 0.042) were associated with ADEs.

Conclusion

Regimens containing aminoglycosides, linezolid, or pyrazinamide and increase in treatment duration (months) were associated with an increased risk of ADEs. Clinicians should quickly adopt all oral shorter treatment regimens to obviate the need for aminoglycosides and reduce exposure duration.

Abbreviations

ADE, adverse drug event; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Am, amikacin; ART, antiretroviral therapy; Bdq, bedaquiline; Cfz, clofazimine; CI, confidence interval; Cm, capreomycin; Cs, cycloserine; Dlm, delaminad; DOTS, Directly Observed Treatment, short-course; DR-TB, drug resistant tuberculosis; DST, drug susceptibility test; E, ethambutol; Eto, Ethionamide; FQs, floroquinolones; Gfx, gatifloxacine; H, Isoniazid; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, Interquartile range; Km, Kanamycin; Lfx, Levofloxacin; LTFU, Lzd, linezolid; Mfx, moxifloxacin; MOH, ministry of health; NDA, National Drug Authority; NTLP, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme; PAS, P-amino salicylic acid; SD, Standard Deviation; S, Streptomycin; SOMREC, School of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee; Tb, tuberculosis; WHO, World Health Organization; XDR, Extensively Drug Resistant.

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the administration of Mulago National Referral hospital for granting us permission to utilize the patient records from the drug resistant tuberculosis clinic.

Disclosure

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.