Type of dyslipidemia and achievement of the LDL-cholesterol goal in chronic kidney disease patients at the University Hospital

Abstract

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been defined as a coronary artery disease risk equivalent. Therefore, the current guideline has been recommended for CKD patients to reach and maintain a low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) goal of less than 100 mg/dL. However, the data regarding the achievement of LDL-C goal in these patients is lacking.

Objective

This study was conducted to evaluate the types of dyslipidemia affecting patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 and to determine whether these patients achieved LDL-C goal.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with CKD stage 3 or 4 and dyslipidemia who were followed-up at Siriraj Hospital between October 2011 and September 2012.

Results

In total, 150 patients with CKD stage 3 or 4 and dyslipidemia were recruited. The mean age was 72±10 years, and the body mass index was 25.6±4 kg/m²; 60% had CKD stage 3 with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 34±12 mL/min/1.73 m², and 54% had type 2 diabetes. The percentage of patients with hypercholesterolemia was 78%, hypertriglyceridemia 54%, and low high-density lipoprotein-C 36%. Of these, 52% had mixed hyperlipidemia. Statin treatment was prescribed to 87% of the patients, of which only 31.3% achieved the LDL-C goal according to the National Cholesterol Education Program and the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society recommendations. Patients who did not achieve the LDL-C goal had a higher cholesterol level at diagnosis and higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and stroke than those who achieved it.

Conclusion

Two-thirds of CKD patients with hyperlipidemia had mixed hyperlipidemia. Despite the high frequency of statin treatment, only one-third of patients with CKD achieved the LDL-C goal. Thus, a developmental plan for the management of dyslipidemia in patients with CKD should be implemented to increase their achievement of the LDL-C goal.

Keywords:

• chronic kidney disease
• hyperlipidemia
• LDL-C
• dyslipidemia

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Siriraj Grant for Research Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (AS). The authors would like to thank Ms Kemjira Karngateklang for her assistance with the statistical analysis.

Author contributions

TS contributed to acquisition of data, performed the statistical analysis and data interpretation, and was involved in drafting the manuscript. AS contributed to the conception of the study, participated in its design, was involved in revising the manuscript, and approved this version for publication. All authors read and approved the final paper.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.