Prevalence and component analysis of metabolic syndrome: An Indian atherosclerosis research study perspective

Abstract

Asian Indians have a high predisposition to metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study aimed to estimate MS prevalence in 531 Asian Indian families comprising of 2318 individuals. Anthropometrics and lipid profile were assessed. MS prevalence was estimated using standard Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) and World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria and modified definitions which included lowered cut-offs for waist circumference (WC) (≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women], body mass index (BMI) (≥23 kg/m²) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) levels. ATP-III criteria identified a significantly higher proportion of people with MS (N = 933; 40.3%) compared with WHO (N = 708; 30.6%; p < 0.0001) while modified ATP-III showed maximum gain in percent prevalence among the revised criteria (17.3%; p = 0.0056). The IDF criteria identified similar proportion of subjects with MS (N = 809; 34.9%) as the revised WHO criteria (N = 792; 34.2%). The number of MS subjects was highest in the 50–59 years age group. MS was diagnosed a decade earlier in unaffected subjects compared with those with CAD/diabetes using the modified MS criteria. WC correlated significantly with BMI and waist–hip ratio (WHR) (p = 0.000). Among MS components, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and BMI contributed significantly in males (71.4% and 85.9%) and females (86.8% and 88.8%), respectively. The higher percentage contribution of WC among males and WHR among females indicates the influence of gynecoid/android pelvis on WHR measures. In conclusion, the revision of definition criteria for MS with lowered cut-offs for WC and BMI is critical for the accurate assessment of MS among Asian Indians.

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our profound gratitude to all the participants for their cooperation and contribution towards this study. This work is a part of the ongoing Indian Atherosclerosis Research study supported by our parent institute: Thrombosis Research Institute, London. We acknowledge the infrastructure support provided by Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital, Bangalore. We thank Ms. Dhanalakshmi B and Ms. Asimani for enrolling patients in Bangalore and Ms. Sheetal S, Mr. Shailesh K and Ms. Sunita L at Asian Heart Institute, Mumbai. We also thank Mr. Sibi K, Ms. Rekha KR for their assistance in the application of the ATP-III and WHO definitions to our study population and along with Mr. Prasad S for managing the IARS database. Acknowledgements are due to Ms. Renuka K.S and Ms. Prathima S.A. for their help with the ELISAS. An expression of gratitude is also due to Dr. Mariamma Philip, Research scholar in the Department of Biostatistics at the National Institute for Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore for reviewing the statistical methods used in this study.