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Abstract
Clarkston B.E. and Saunders G.W. 2012. An examination of the red algal genus Pugetia (Kallymeniaceae, Gigartinales), with descriptions of Salishia firma gen. & comb. nov., Pugetia cryptica sp. nov. and Beringia wynnei sp. nov. Phycologia 51: 33–61. DOI: 10.2216/11-01.1
The red algal family Kallymeniaceae was surveyed along the west coast of Canada using the DNA barcode (COI-5P – 5′ region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene) as a species identification tool. A total of 253 specimens field identified as Pugetia spp. subsequently resolved as five genetic species groups, although only two are reported in the flora. Additionally, COI-5P data were available for the Chilean P. chilensis, which resolved as a distinct species. Subsequent analysis of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal cistron and the universal plastid amplicon (domain V of the 23S rRNA gene) resolved the same groups as COI-5P. Phylogenetic relationships of the Canadian groups were investigated using large-subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) and a combined analysis of LSU and COI-5P data. One species was divergent from the Pugetia spp. in all analyses and grouped closely with the kallymeniacean genera Erythrophyllum (Kallymeniaceae, Gigartinales) and Kallymeniopsis (Kallymeniaceae, Gigartinales) − it is here described as Beringia wynnei sp. nov. The other ‘Pugetia’ species fell into two divergent clusters in phylogenetic analyses, differing also in blade thickness, carpogonial branch morphology and the association of the auxiliary cell relative to the carpogonium (procarpic vs nonprocarpic). We retain the genus Pugetia for the type species P. fragilissima and P. cryptica sp. nov. and describe the new genus Salishia for Salishia firma (Kylin) comb. nov., S. sanguinea (Montagne) comb. nov. and S. chilensis (J. Agardh) comb. nov. Finally, we completed morphological and anatomical examinations of other Pugetia species to provide a comprehensive review of the genus.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All of the collectors (S. Hamsher, K. Hind, H. Kucera, C. Lane, J. Mortimer, D. McDevit, K. Roy, M. Spani, S. Toews and R. Withall) are acknowledged for their help with this project, as are K. Roy, D. McDevit, J.T. Harper, N. Kang, T. Moore, B. Hermann and A. Johnson for generating some of the sequence data. C. Schneider provided advice on microscopy techniques. The following people and institutions are thanked for their generous loans of relevant specimens: B. de Reviers, Herbier Cryptogamique, Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; P. Lassen, Lund University Botanical Museum; P. Silva and R. Moe, University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, USA; M. Wynne, Herbarium of the University of Michigan, USA; and R. Huxley, Herbarium of the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Mark Garland provided the Latin diagnoses. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank Dr. Norm Sloan for encouraging G.W.S. to study the seaweeds of Haida Gwaii, as well as Parks Canada and the Haida Nation, especially staff of the Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site, for extensive support of our field studies in this unique region. Particular appreciation is extended to C. Johnson and D. Bartol – the guides while G.W.S. was in Gwaii Haanas. Finally, the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre and Tahtsa Dive Charters in British Columbia are thanked for hosting much of the field component of this research. This research was supported through funding to G.W.S. from the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and other sponsors listed at http://www.BOLNET.ca. Additional support to G.W.S. was provided by the Canada Research Chair Program, as well as infrastructure support from the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the New Brunswick Innovation Foundation.