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Research Articles

A novel life history in Aglaothamnion diaphanum sp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Brittany and the British Isles

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Pages 467-479 | Accepted 10 Apr 1991, Published online: 06 Mar 2019
 

Abstract

A diminutive species of Aglaothamnion (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta), A. diaphanum sp. nov., is described from Brittany (Atlantic France), the Isles of Scilly (off S.W. England) and western Ireland. Aglaothamnion diaphanum is confined to the sublittoral zone, where it grows almost exclusively on algae and sessile animals attached to hard substrata. Thalli are delicate, and branched distichously in one plane. The main axes are ecorticate but may form loose non-corticating rhizoidal filaments. The lateral branches bear a characteristic, regularly alternate distichous series of branchlets, the first of which is always adaxial. All vegetative cells are uninucleate. The majority of field-collected plants bear only bisporangia, but a few bisporangial plants also form spermatangia; some male plants and a single female specimen have been collected. The spermatangial branchlets consist of 3–5 spermatangial mother cells each bearing 2–4 spermatangia, which are constricted around a central nucleus. None of the U-shaped carpogonial branches showed any sign of fertilization, and the gametangia appear to be non-functional. The bisporangia are ovoid and contain two uninucleate spores separated by an oblique curved wall. The occurrence of bisporangia and the lack of adherent cortication distinguish A. diaphanum from two similar species, Aglaothamnion bipinnatum (P. Crouan et H. Crouan) Feldmann-Mazoyer and Aglaothamnion decompositum (J. Agardh) Halos. The life history in culture of French and Irish isolates of A. diaphanum consists of a series of bisporangial generations, a single plant of which also formed spermatangia. Apical cells of bisporophytes are haploid (n = c. 32), but the first division of meiosis, with chromosome pairing and crossing over, occurs in dividing bisporocytes. The germinating bispores are haploid. Endodiploidization may occur in the early stages of sporangium development, as in some phycomycete fungi, or in vegetative cells that subsequently give rise to bisporocytes. This is the first demonstration in the red algae of meiotic bisporangia on plants of which the apical cells, at least, are haploid.

Décrit des côtes de Bretagne (France), des lies de Scilly (Angleterre) et de l'Ouest de l'Irelande, Aglaothamnion diaphanum vit fixé sur les organismes benthiques de l'infralittorale rocheux. Les thalles sont délicats. Les axes principaux, non cortiques, donnent des filaments rhizoidiens libres. Les axes latéraux portent des rameaux distiques alternes, celui engendré par la cellule basale est toujours adaxial. Les récoltes ont fournide nombreux thalles à bisporocystes portant parfois quelques spermatocystes, de rares gamétophytes mâles, et un unique gamétophyte femelle. Lesramules máles comptent de 3 à 5 cellules mères produisant chacune de 2 à 4 spermatocystes avec un étranglement médian au niveau de noyau. Aucun indice de fécondation n'a été observé sur Ie rameaux carpogoniaux. Les bisporocystes ovides contiennent deux spores uninuclées, séparées par une cloison oblique incurvée. La présence de bisporocystes et l'absence de cortex adhérent permettent de distinguer A. diaphanum de A. bipinnatum (P. Crouan et H. Crouan) Feldmann-Mazoyer, et de A. decompositum (J. Agardh) Halos. En culture, les souches françaises et irlandaises ont donné des générations successives de bisporophytes, l'un d'eux aynt formé des spermatocystes. La cellule apicale des bisporophytes est haplloïde (n = c. 32), mais une première division méiotique, avec appariement des chromosomes et formations de chiasmas s'effectue dans le bisporocystes en division. Les bispores engendrent des thalles haploïdes. Ainsi, le développement des bisporocytes révèles l'existence d'une endodiploïdisation dans les thalles d'une Rhodophycée dont les cellules apicales, au moins, sont haploïdes.

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