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Abstract
Metabolic complications and adverse cardiovascular events are emerging comorbidities afflicting HIV-infected patients. This review summarizes the lipid abnormalities associated with HIV and the use of antiretroviral therapy. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) is common in patients with HIV, and may complicate the management of their infection. Those on highly active antiretroviral therapy may further increase their risk of developing abnormalities of lipid metabolism. Evaluation of dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients follows the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and should be the first step in cardiovascular risk assessment in individuals with HIV infection. Certain antiretroviral medications have been demonstrated to be more likely to cause lipid abnormalities than others, which should be considered when initiating or switching treatment regimens. The potential drug interactions of lipid-lowering agents and antiretroviral medications often complicate the clinical management of dyslipidemia in HIV infection.Current interventions to reduce dyslipidemia in HIV infection should be aimed at reducing the cardiovascular risk of the individual patients, while maintaining virological control.