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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its concomitant diseases, such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, is increasing worldwide. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI are tools for the reliable quantification of fatty compartments and total body adipose tissue. The distribution of lipids in adipose tissue compartments and in parenchymal organs, such as the liver and musculature, has been examined in several studies in large cohorts of subjects. These studies revealed a high correlation between the volumes of these lipid compartments and metabolic dysfunction. This article describes and discusses several magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI techniques for in vivo application in humans, assessing their inherent advantages and drawbacks. Related results from applicationsof those magnetic resonance techniques in lifestyle intervention studies for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes are also reported. Cross-sectional gender-related differences in lipid compartments and different types of obesity are explained. Longitudinal changes in adipose tissue compartments derived from repeated magnetic resonance examinations during lifestyle interventions are explored. Some hints regarding suitable measuredquantities thatmay predict the development of insulin resistance and success or failure of lifestyle interventions are reported.