Lipoprotein(a): epidemiology, atherogenic activity and impact on cardiovascular risk

Abstract

Despite recent advances in the treatment of atherosclerotic heart disease, there remains a high residual risk of cardiovascular disease-related events, such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and death. Intense research is underway worldwide to identify novel biomarkers that may better identify patients at risk for atherosclerotic disease and that could be used to guide the need for treatment, as well as its intensity. Epidemiologic studies have shown that increased levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) are associated with a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pathologic and clinical evidence suggest that Lp(a) may be involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. A number of novel lipid therapies have proven to be effective in lowering Lp(a) levels. Additional researchisneededtohelpquantifythecardiovascularbenefitsofincorporatingLp(a)testingintoclinicalpractice and using therapies that lower its serum levels.

Keywords:

• atherosclerosis
• coronary heart disease
• dyslipidemia
• lipoprotein(a)
• phospholipid