Applicability of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Cell-Free miRNA Therapy and Epigenetic Modifiers for Diabetes

Abstract

Given that exosome nanovesicles constitute various growth factors, miRNAs and lncRNAs, they have implications for epigenetic modifications. Few studies have shown that exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit therapeutic effects on diabetic complications by substituting miRNAs and regulating histone modifications. Therefore, reversing epigenetic aberrations in diabetes may provide new insight into its treatment. This review discusses the impact of DNA and histone methylations on the development of diabetes and its complications. Further, we talk about miRNAs dysregulated in diabetic conditions and the possibility of utilizing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes for the development of miRNA cell-free therapy and epigenetic modifiers in reversing diabetic-induced epigenetic alterations.

Tweetable abstract

Recently, mesenchymal stem cell exosomes have shown a therapeutic effect on diabetes through substituting potential miRNAs and regulating histone modifications, which suggest their utility for the development of cell-free miRNA therapy and epigenetic modifiers.

Keywords::

• diabetes
• DNA methylation
• histone methylation
• miRNAs
• MSC exosomes

Author contributions

S Sharma and R Bhonde contributed to the concept, data collection and analysis of the manuscript. S Sharma wrote the manuscript.

Financial disclosure

The authors have no financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending or royalties.

Competing interests disclosure

The authors have no competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending or royalties.

Writing disclosure

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.