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Abstract
Despite improvement in clinical treatment of childhood cancer, it remains the leading cause of disease-related mortality in children with survivors often suffering from treatment-related toxicity and premature death. Because childhood cancer is vastly different from cancer in adults, a thorough understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms specific to childhood cancer is essential. Although childhood cancer contains much fewer mutations, a subset of cancer subtypes has a higher frequency of mutations in gene encoding epigenetic regulators. Thus, in this review, we will focus on epigenetic deregulations in childhood cancers, the use of genome-wide analysis for cancer subtype classification, prediction of clinical outcomes and the influence of folate on epigenetic mechanisms.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute at the NIH R25T Training Program in Pediatric Cancer Epidemiology & Control 5R25CA160078-02 (to TT Yiu); NIH R01HG007538 and Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas CPRIT RP150292 (to W Li). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.