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ABSTRACT
The preferential metastasis of cancer cells to bone disrupts the process of bone remodeling and results in serious complications. Although bone imaging techniques are well established for bone metastasis diagnosis, they still have limits. Recently, small noncoding RNA molecules, called miRNAs, have become the subject of interest in many molecular pathways in relation to bone metastasis. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated the ability to distinguish normal from cancerous cells and metastatic bone tumor origin based on miRNA profiles. Here, we summarize the data on mechanisms of osteolytic and osteoblastic bone metastases supporting the involvement of miRNA changes in the bone metastatic evolution. We also focus on the available evidence regarding current clinical studies of miRNA expression in the detection of bone metastases.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.