Fluorescein Sodium Loaded By Polyethyleneimine for Fundus Fluorescein Angiography Improves Adhesion

Abstract

Aim: To improve the retention of fluorescein sodium (FS) as a kind of clinical contrast agent for fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Materials & methods: Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was designed to synthesize PEI–NHAc–FS nanoparticles (NPs), and the formed NPs were characterized by both physicochemical properties and their effects on FFA. Results: Compared with free FS, PEI–NHAc–FS NPs showed similar optical performance, and could obviously reduce cellular adsorption and uptake both in vitro and in vivo, which could promote the metabolism of NPs in ocular blood vessels. Conclusion: PEI–NHAc–FS NPs represent a smart nanosize fluorescence contrast agent, which hold promising potential for clinical FFA diagnosis, therapy and research work.

Graphical abstract

Keywords:

• biocompatibility
• choroidal neovascularization
• fluorescein sodium
• fluorescence imaging
• fundus fluorescein angiography
• polyethyleneimine
• retention

Supplementary data

To view the supplementary data that accompany this paper please visit the journal website at:www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2217/epi-2016-0184

Author contributions

W Cai and M Chen synthesized the nanoparticles and wrote the manuscript. J Fan and H Jin finished the in vitro experiments. D Yu and S Qiang performed the in vivo experiments. C Peng and J Yu conducted the experiments.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2014 (project number: 81470648) and was also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (project number: 22120180509；22120180532). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Writing support was provided by American Journal Experts and was funded by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (project number: 22120180509).

Ethical conduct of research

All animals received were cared for in strict accordance with the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Statement for the use of animals in vision and ophthalmic research and the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research. The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations