Analysis of Complementarities Between Nanomedicine and Phytodrugs for The Treatment of Malarial Infection

Abstract

The use of nanocarriers in medicine, so-called nanomedicine, is one of the most innovative strategies for targeting drugs at the action site and increasing their activity index and effectiveness. Phytomedicine is the oldest traditional method used to treat human diseases and solve health problems. The recent literature on the treatment of malaria infections using nanodelivery systems and phytodrugs or supplements has been analyzed. For the first time, in the present review, a careful look at the considerable potential of nanomedicine in promoting phytotherapeutic efficacy was done, and its key role in addressing a translation through a significant reduction of the current burden of malaria in many parts of the world has been underlined.

Plain language summary

Plants hide an incredible treasure chest of beneficial substances within them. These natural substances have a wide range of beneficial applications for human health, from nutrition to personal care, including the treatment of diseases such as malaria. However, to exploit the full potential of these substances, an innovative approach is needed, and nanomedicine promises that. Nanomedicine involves the use of nanosystems, incredibly small systems, invisible to the naked eye, but their impact is enormous. Thus, bioactive compounds in plants that may have beneficial effects on human health can be placed within these nanosystems to improve their effectiveness. This synergy between nature and nanotechnology offers new opportunities to improve health and well-being, demonstrating how valuable science and technology are in exploring the natural world. After examining the key advantages of nanosystems, this review focuses on some of the earliest antimalarials used and then looks at newer and more promising ones, starting with quinine, extracted from Cinchona bark; moving to the discovery of artemisinin, obtained from Artemisia annua and its derivatives; and ending with an analysis of alternative natural molecules with antimalarial activity. This review examines how nanomedicine can make natural plant-based treatments more effective in fighting malaria. This could help reduce the impact of malaria in many places around the world.

Keywords::

• artemisinin-based combination therapy
• drug-delivery systems
• nanomedicine
• natural molecules
• phytomedicine

Financial disclosure

The authors have no financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending or royalties.

Competing interests disclosure

The authors have no competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending or royalties.

Writing disclosure

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

The authors have no financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending or royalties.