Magnetoliposomes as Multimodal Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging and Cancer Nanotheragnostics

Abstract

In the emerging field of molecular and cellular imaging, flexible strategies to synthesize multimodal contrast agents with targeting ligands are required. Liposomes have the ability to combine with a large variety of nanomaterials, including superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, to form magnetoliposomes (MLs). MLs can be used as highly efficient MRI contrast agents. Owing to their high flexibility, MLs can be associated with other imaging modality probes to be used as multimodal contrast agents. By using a thermosensitive lipid bilayer in the ML structure, these biocompatible systems offer many possibilities for targeting and delivering therapeutic agents for ‘theragnostics‘, a coincident therapy and diagnosis strategy. This article deals with the fast-growing field of MLs as biomedical diagnostic tools. Different kinds of MLs, their preparation methods, as well as their surface modification with different imaging probes, are discussed. ML applications as multimodal contrast agents and in theragnostics are reviewed. Some important issues for the biomedical uses of magnetic liposomes, such as toxicity, are summarized.

Keywords::

• contrast agent
• drug delivery
• hyperthermia
• magnetoliposome
• molecular imaging
• MRI
• nanomedicine
• superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
• theragnostics

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This work was supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), the ARC Program 05/10–335 of the French Community of Belgium and the ENCITE program of the European Community. The support and sponsorship concerted by COST Action D38 ‘Metal-based Systems for Molecular Imaging Applications’ and the EMIL program are kindly acknowledged. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Patricia de Francisco for her help in preparing the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), the ARC Program 05/10–335 of the French Community of Belgium and the ENCITE program of the European Community. The support and sponsorship concerted by COST Action D38 ‘Metal-based Systems for Molecular Imaging Applications’ and the EMIL program are kindly acknowledged. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.