Current Treatments to Counter Sleep Dysfunction as a Pathogenic Stimulus of Fibromyalgia

Abstract

Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain, fatigue and nonrestorative sleep. Polysomnography showed reduced short-wave sleep and abnormal alpha rhythms during nonrapid eye movement sleep in patients with fibromyalgia. However, sleep dysfunction might be pathogenic in fibromyalgia since myalgia and fatigue could be induced in healthy individuals by disrupting sleep. Poor sleep quality was a major risk factor for the subsequent development of chronic widespread pain in healthy pain-free individuals. Sleep disruption leads to impairment of the descending pain inhibition pathways. Aside from good sleep, hygiene, exercise can promote sleep. Among currently available pharmacological treatments, evidence suggests amitriptyline and pregabalin can improve sleep in fibromyalgia.

KEYWORDS:

• fibromyalgia
• sleep

Financial & competing interests disclosure

EH Choy declares that he has served as a member of advisory boards, as a consultant and at speaker’s bureaus for Eli Lilly, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Pfizer, Tonix Pharmaceuticals and UCB. The author has no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

EH Choy declares that he has served as a member of advisory boards, as a consultant and at speaker’s bureaus for Eli Lilly, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Pfizer, Tonix Pharmaceuticals and UCB. The author has no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.