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Abstract
Aim: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and cervical joint manipulation (CJM) are often used for pain treatment. Methods: A total of 144 healthy subjects will be randomly allocated into four groups: active TENS and CJM, placebos TENS and CJM, placebo TENS and active CJM, active TENS and placebo CJM. TENS will be applied for 20 min followed by CJM. All subjects will be assessed before, during and after interventions, using a digital pressure algometer. Discussion: This is the first study to assess the combined effects of TENS and CJM on pressure pain threshold in healthy individuals. It is possible that both methods combined can enhance the hypoalgesic effect because they activate different analgesic pathways.
Study registration: NCT03531541 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.