Coping with Pain: Polish Versions of the Pain Coping Questionnaire for Both Children and Parents

Abstract

Aim: This article presents the cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Polish versions of the Pain Coping Questionnaire for both children and parents. Materials & methods: The study involved children aged 12–17 years (n = 220), who experienced trauma-related pain, and their parents (n = 220). Results: In the questionnaire for children and parents, the Kaisera-Mayera-Olkina (KMO) measure of sample adequacy was 0.457 and 0.455, whereas Bartlett’s test of sphericity: Chi-square = 1523.93, p < 0.001 and Chi-square = 1325.31, p < 0.001, returned a statistically significant result. Cronbach’s alpha for the factors identified in both groups was between 0.833 and 0.904. Conclusion: The linguistic adaptation has shown that the Polish version of the Pain Coping Questionnaire meets the psychometric criteria for reliability and accuracy of the tool.

Lay abstract

This study aimed to find out whether the Pain Coping Questionnaire (PCQ) in Poland, which was translated from an English version of the same questionnaire, was useful for the study of coping with pain by children and their parents. It is important that translated questionnaires be tested to make sure they are still effective in the new language. The PCQ was completed by children experiencing pain, and by their parents, and the results were evaluated. The results show that the PCQ is a questionnaire that can be effectively used in nursing care. The study also shows that children cope with pain most poorly when they rely on their emotions; the same is true also for parents. This research will make possible the use of an appropriate style of coping with pain for children and adolescents and will help in planning and implementing nursing care before the pain can become worse.

Keywords::

• children
• pain coping
• Pain Coping Questionnaire
• parents
• validation

Supplementary data

To view the supplementary data that accompany this paper please visit the journal website at: www.tandfonline.com/doi/suppl/10.2217/pmt-2021-0100

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to sincerely thank GJ Reid for permission for validation of the Pain Coping Questionnaire and his commitment to documenting the reliability of the PCQ adaptive procedure. They thank the children and their parents for their willingness to participate in the study despite the suffering they were experiencing. The authors also thank the reviewers for their opinions and all the suggestions for improving their manuscript.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The publication was financed with funding from the Medical University of Lublin Number DS 514. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical conduct of research

The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.

Additional information

Funding

The publication was financed with funding from the Medical University of Lublin Number DS 514. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.