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Abstract
"I take it no other people in the world know Confucius as well as the unlearned rabble in China do," said Lu Hsun in one of his essays entitled "Confucius in Modern China." Indeed, while the reactionary ruling classes exalted Confucius to incredible heights by honoring him with the awe-inspiring title "the sage" and accepting Confucianism as "the sage's way," the laboring people did quite the opposite — they called Confucius (whose name was Chiu and family name Kung) "Chiu the Robber" and dismissed Confucian canons as "bugaboo." These two different attitudes vividly reflect the fundamental antagonism in ideology between the toiling masses and the reactionary ruling classes.