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Abstract
Studies devoted to the process of children's cognitive development in the home tend to focus, in addition to other formal characteristics of family structure, on its size and on birth order. As the number of children goes up, the level of their intellectual development goes down. This effect is consistently reproduced regardless of the age of the children, their national affiliation, or the locality (rural or urban districts), and also regardless of the intelligence tests used [1; 3-6; 11; 13; 14].