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Abstract
Alerting reactions involve the preparation of the organism for a forthcoming activity in an anticipated situation. The biological significance of these reactions was already obvious to the first investigators of the conditioned reflex. Alerting (the preparation of a biological system for action) takes place even before the appearance of the signal in response to which a particular act is performed. The organism gets ready to act in a situation that, on the basis of past experience, it expects is most likely to occur.