![Sample our Politics & International Relations journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5947/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Politics-International-Relations.jpg"})
Abstract
The 1923 RSFSR Code of Criminal Procedure served a totalitarian political system that formally recognized, but in fact totally ignored, human rights, in criminal legal proceedings as elsewhere. It is for this reason that "special boards," "dvoikas," and "troikas" of various types could exist and, from the viewpoint of protecting the system, could function successfully alongside the courts, and that draconian laws could be promulgated and adopted in 1934–37 that nullified the procedural guarantees provided in the Code.