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Abstract
Science-intensive, resource-saving technologies and industries are playing a steadily increasing economic role in the leading countries of the world. Evidence of the efficiency of this area of economic development is the fact that the most highly rated companies, those quoted in the securities markets, are not the biggest extractive and manufacturing enterprises but those that specialize in high-tech. In our country, the rational use of progressive technologies and accumulated scientific, technical, industrial, intellectual, and cadre potential has always been a timely issue. It has special significance now that Russia faces a historic choice of development strategy. On this choice depends the place that Russia will occupy within the world economy. Will it be a nation with advanced science and industry or a supplier of irreplaceable raw materials to the highly developed economies in the West and East, importing their value-added goods, machinery, and equipment in return?