Octopod beak identification — resolution at a regional level (Cephalopoda, Octopoda: southern Africa)

Abstract

Characteristic features useful for distinguishing between lower beaks of 14 species of Octopoda (Cephalopoda) were determined in a study of southern African members of the order. The beak of each species is described and illustrated, and a key to aid identification is presented. Regressions relating beak dimensions with length and mass of the whole animal are also provided for use in predator/prey studies.