Abstract
In 1959 a paper was published in Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (38: 487, 1959) by Axel Ingelman-Sundberg (1) entitled “Partial Denervation of the Bladder—a new operation for the treatment of Urge Incontinence and similar conditions in women”. The basis for the operation was stated in the initial sentence: “The function of an autonomous neurogenic bladder is usually superior to that of a neurogenic bladder, where higher centers are still partially in function.” His operation consisted of transection of the preganglionic pelvic nerves near the inferior surface of the bladder and involved division of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nerves.