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Original Article

Some Aspects of Upper Respiratory Tract Reflexes

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Pages 242-252 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes have been elicited from receptors in the nose and larynx in the anaesthetized dog. Cigarette smoke in the nose causes reflex apnoea, bradycardia and vasoconstriction in the limbs, with late effects consisting of hyperpnoea, tachycardia, hypertension and limb vasoconstriction, probably due to systemic absorption through the nose. Stimulation of laryngeal receptors or of the central end of the superior laryngeal nerve also results in reflex apnoea, bradycardia, and limb vasoconstriction. When asphyxia supervenes due to apnoea, stimulation of the carotid body chemo-receptors occurs which normally cause, as primary effects, hyperpnoea and bradycardia. However, it has been shown that stimulation of the laryngeal receptors inhibits the carotid body respiratory reflex and facilitates the carotid body cardio-inhibitory reflex, the latter leading to temporary cardiac arrest. The clinical implications of this finding are discussed.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Respiratorische und kardio-vaskuläre Reflexe wurden von Rezeptoren in Nase und Larynx des anasthesierten Hundes ausgelöst. Zigarettenrauch in der Nase verursacht Reflex-Apnoe, Bradykardie und Vaso-Konstriktion in den Gliedern, später Hyperpnoe, Tachykardie, Hypertension und Vaso-Konstriktion der Glieder, wahrschein-lich hervorgerufen durch systemische Absorption durch die Nase.

Stimulation des Larynx-Rezeptors oder des zentralen Endes des Nervus laryngeus superior fuhrt ebenfalls zu Retlex-Apnoe, Bradykardie und Vaso-Konstriktion der Glieder. Wenn Asphyxie intolge Apnoe hinzutritt, stellt sich Stimulation des Glomus caroticum-Rezeptors ein, die normalerweise - als Primäraffekt - Hyperpnoe und Bradykardie hervorruft. Es wurde jedoch gezeigt, dass Stimulation des Larynx-Rezeptors den Glomus caro-ticum-respiratorischen Reflex hemmt und den Glomus caroticum-Cardio-Inhibitor-Reflex unterstützt. Dies führt zu Herzstillstand. Die klinischen Folgerungen dieser Beobachtung werden erörtert.

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