Abstract
Objective: Psychosocial variables have been identified as important predictors of outcome in patients with chest pain. Most attention has focused on patients with ischaemic heart diseases or those in outpatient settings. This paper compares focuses on inpatients, and compares patients with ischaemic heart disease to those with non-specific chest pain.
Method: A search of the literature on chest pain and psychiatric disorder from 1972 onwards using Medline, Index Medicus and the bibliographies of retrieved articles.
Results: One-third of patients admitted with acute chest pain have psychiatric disorder as measured by standardised interviews. Patients who have had psychiatric symptoms prior to admission and those with non-specific pain appear to be most at risk of continuing psychiatric morbidity. In patients with ischaemic heart disease, psychiatric symptoms on admission are more strongly related to subsequent social outcome than variables such as severity of infarct or the presence of angina. Psychiatric symptoms may also effect physical morbidity and possibly mortality, although further research is required to clarify the latter finding. In patients with nonspecific pain, further research is indicated to identify aetiological and maintaining factors for continued non-specific pain. There is, however, a strong association with alcohol and cigarette use.
Conclusions: The prediction of outcome requires careful assessment of previous or current psychiatric symptoms in patients admitted with chest pain, irrespective of underlying diagnosis. Early intervention with psychological treatment for patients with non-specific chest pain is indicated; this may also involve help to reduce smoking. There is also further evidence that mortality following myocardial infarction is closely linked to psychiatric disorder, although prior psychiatric disorder may be more important than 'post-infarction' depression. Larger and more methodologically rigorous studies are required to further clarify these findings.