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Original Article

Prevalence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Children in Costa Rica: Prevalencia de la hipoacusia infantil en Costa Rica

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Pages 278-283 | Received 25 May 1999, Accepted 30 Aug 1999, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

There is very limited information available about hearing loss in children in Latin America and in Central America in particular. Costa Rica is a peaceful, well-organized country with an excellent health care system and a very good infrastructure of roads, programs, and services. It served as the site for a four-phase study to determine the incidence and prevalence rate for sensorineural hearing loss in children in that region of the world. The four phases involved (1) screening over 12,500 children in the public schools, (2) examining those enrolled at programs for the hearing impaired, (3) searching the community for children not in schools or special programs, and (4) an extensive questionnaire designed to obtain basic demographic data about hearing-impaired children in the country. Included were questions about age of identification, etiology, and hearing aid use. Results of phases 1 and 2 are reported here. Using a 1.368 per 1,000 live birth average (a figure reported for 36 nations), the projected number of hearing-impaired children in Costa Rica should be about 1,068. After concluding the first two phases of the study, it was determined that the actual number of hearing-impaired children in Costa Rica is between 1,174 and 1,274. That is a ratio oi between 1.50 and 1.63 hearing impaired per 1,000 live births, well within the ranges reported elsewhere. Since this is the first national study of a Latin American country, that information is significant suggesting that the general prevalence of hearing loss in that part of the world is the same as in the developed nations of Europe and North America.

Existe información muy limitada en Latinoamérica, particularmente en Centro América, sobre la hipoacusia en niños. Costa Rica es un país pacífico, bien organizado, con un sistema de salud excelente y una buena infraestructura de carreteras, de programas y de servicios. Este fue el marco para un estudio de cuatro fases para determinar la incidencia y prevalencia de la hipoacusia sensorineural en niños de esa región del mundo. Las cuatro fases fueron (1) identification por tamizaje en alrededor de 12,500 niños en escuelas públicas, (2) evaluation de aquellos que assistían a un programa para hipoacúsicos, (3) búsqueda dentro de la comunidad de niños que no assistían a escuelas o a programas especiales, y (4) apliacación de un cuestionario extensivo para obtener datos demográficos básicos de los niños hipoacúsicos del país. Se incluyeron preguntas sobre la edad de identificatión, la etiología y el uso de auxiliares auditivos. Aquí se reportan los resultados de las fases 1 y 2. Utilizando el promedio de 1.368 por 1000 nacidos vivos (promedio reportado en 36 países), se esperaría que existieran 1,068 niños sordos en Costa Rica. Una vez concluidas las primeras dos fases del estudio, se determineó que el número actual de sordos en Costa Rica está entre 1, 172 y 1,274. Esto representa una proporción de 1.50 a 1.63 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos, información dentro del rango de otros reportes. Al ser este el primer estudio nacional de un país Latinoamericano esta informatión es significativa y sugiere que la prevalencia general de hipoacusia en esta parte del mundo es igual a la encontrada en las naciones desarrolladas de Europa y Norte América.

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