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Original Article

Role of the Efferent Medial Olivocochlear System in Contralateral Masking and Binaural Interactions: An Electrophysiological Study in Guinea Pigs : Papel del Sistema Olivo-coclear Medial en el Enmascaramiento Contralateral e Interacciones Binaurales: Estudio electrofisiologico en conejillos de Indias

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Pages 311-321 | Received 18 Apr 2000, Accepted 11 Sep 2000, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Contralateral broadband noise (BBN) elevates ipsilateral auditory thresholds (central masking) and reduces the amplitude of ipsilateral brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). Binaural interactions are complex psychophysical phenomena, but binaural interaction components are easily extracted from BAEPs to monaural versus binaural click stimulation. However, contralateral, or binaural, acoustical stimulation is known to activate simultaneously the crossed and uncrossed medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent systems and decrease activity in both cochleas. Particularly, contralateral BBN stimulation suppresses in part ipsilateral peripheral activity. What is the role of such contralateral induced peripheral suppression in the overall changes in central BAEPs observed during contralateral masking or binaural stimulation? Compound action potentials (CAPs) of the auditory nerve and BAEPs were recorded simultaneously in awake guinea pigs from electrodes chronically implanted on the round window of the cochlea and the surface of the brain. Peripheral and central measures of contralateral masking and binaural interactions were obtained from responses to monaural or binaural clicks, with or without contralateral BBN, recorded before, during, and after the reversible blockade of the MOC function following a single intramuscular injection of gentamicin. Contralateral BBN effectively reduced the amplitudes of CAP and of all BAEP peaks. CAP to ipsilateral click did not, however, change significantly from monaural to binaural click stimulation; still, normal binaural interaction components developed in the BAEPs. When the medial efferent function was blocked by gentamicin, the normal contralateral BBN suppression of CAP and of the earliest BAEP peak was lost; however, the later BAEP peaks were suppressed by contralateral BBN as before gentamicin, and the central binaural interaction components were unchanged. In these experimental conditions, the MOC efferent system seems to play little role in centrally recorded contralateral masking and binaural interactions.

Sumario

El ruido de banda ancha (BBN) eleva los umbrales auditivos ipsilaterales (enmascaramiento central) y reduce la amplitud de los potenciales auditivos evo-cados (BAEPs) ipsilaterales. La interacción es un fenómeno psicofísico complejo, pero los componentes de interacción binaural pueden ser extraídos fácilmente de los BAEPs al estimular con clicks uno vs ambos oídos. Sin embargo, se sabe que la estimulación acústica contralateral y la binaural activan simultáneamente el sistema olivo-coclear medial (MOC) cruzado o ipsilateral y disminuyen la activi-dad de las dos cócleas. La estimulación con BBN particularmente suprime en parte la actividad per-iférica Cuál sería el papel de esa supresión per-iférica inducida, en los cambios en los BAEPs centrales observados durante el enmascaramiento contralateral o la estimulación binaural? Se regis-traron simultáneamente los componentes de los potenciales de acción (CAPs) del nervio auditivo y los BAEPs en conejillos de Indias despiertos a través de electrodos implantados en la ventana redonda y en la superficie del cerebro. Se obtuvieron mediciones del enmascaramiento contralateral periférico y central y de las interacciones binaurales ante estímulos mono o binaurales con clicks, con o sin BBN contralateral; antes durante o después del bloqueo reversible de la función del MOC con una aplicación única intramuscular de Gentamicina. El BBN contralateral redujo la amplitud de los CAPs y de todos los picos de BAEPs. Los CAPs con clicks ipsilaterales no se modificaron significativamente al estimular con clicks monoaurales o binaurales, pero si desarrollaron componentes de interacción binaural en los BAEPs. Cuando se bloqueó la función eferente medial con Gentamicina se perdió tanto la supresión de los CAPs contralaterales con BBN, como los picos iniciales de los BAEPs; sin emabargo, se suprimieron los BAEPs tardfos con BBN contralateral como antes de la Gentamicina y los componentes de la interacción binaural central permaneció sin cambios. En estas condiciones experimentales, el MOC parece tener un papel mínimo en el enmascaramiento central y en las interacciones binaurales.

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