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Original Article

Phase Reversal in Brain Stem Responses: Its Use in the Detection of Asymmetry in the Auditory Pathways

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Pages 313-324 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Electrode placement is an important consideration in the recording of a large-amplitude stable response. In this study, brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP) were obtained from subjects and patients under two electrode configurations, namely ‘vertex-mastoid’ and ‘mastoid-mastoid’. The BAEP waveforms to ipsilateral, contralateral and binaural stimulation were examined for their phase relation with respect to stimulation. In the mastoid-mastoid recording mode, a complete polarity reversal was shown upon changing stimulation from the ipsilateral (with respect to the active input) to the contralateral ear. On simultaneous binaural stimulation, the response was shown to summate to zero. This observation has led to the objective assessment of asymmetry of hearing. Several patients exhibiting recruitment were tested under the mastoid-mastoid recording configuration with binaural stimulation. The results show that a summated ‘null’ response only occurs at an intensity level where loudness equality is attained at the two ears and recruitment is complete. Applied in this way the technique has promising application in the determination of the presence or absence of recruitment and hence in the differential diagnosis of cochlear and retrocochlear lesions.

La position de l'électrode est d'une grande importance pour l'enregistrement d'une réponse stable et de grande amplitude. Dans cette étude, les potentiels évoqués du tronc cérébral ont été obtenus chez des sujets normaux et des malades dans deux conditions: électrodes vertex-mastoïde et électrodes mastoïde-mastoïde. Notre attention s'est portée sur les rapports entre les phases des réponses et la stimulation: homolatérale, contralatérale, binaurale. Lorsque l'enregistrement est fait entre les deux mastoïdes nous observons: 1) un changement de polarité de 180° en appliquant séparément le stimulus à l'une ou l'autre oreille; 2) une annulation des réponses si le stimulus est présenté de façon binaurale.

Nous disposons de la sorte d'un moyen objectif pour évaluer la symétrie de l'audition. Plusieurs malades présentant un recrutement ont été examinés; les résultats indiquent que Ton ne trouve l'annulation binaurale qu'aux niveaux sonores où le recrutement est complet. Ces observations nous conduisent à proposer notre épreuve comme un test objectif de recrutement complet et par conséquent un test pour le diagnostic des lésions cochléaires et rétrocochléaires.

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