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Original Article

Pure-Tone and Speech Intelligibility Disturbances in Patients with Ototoxic Disorders

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Pages 159-176 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

The prevalence and severity of hearing impairment caused by ototoxic drugs are surprisingly high. This emphasizes the importance of the questions arising from the treatment. In 33.7% of the cases, the hearing impairment caused by ototoxic antibiotics was of severe degree and in 25.4%, it was extremely severe. Parenteral, topical or oral administration of amingoglycoside antibiotics is dangerous. Because of the very poor speech intelligibility, most probably not only the spiral organ but the vestibulocochlear nerve and the higher auditory pathways are also affected by these antibiotics. In some cases, the severe distortion in sound perception cannot be compensated even by a hearing aid of the best quality, and lip-reading which was advised occasionally was without any result. To prevent these toxic effects, these drugs should be administered very parsimoniously and then under very strict conditions and close control.

Nous discutons l'atteinte auditive par ototoxicité à propos de 169 cas. Dans la plupart d'entre eux nous relevons l'existence d'un trouble de la fonction rénale (d'où la nécessité d'un contrôle de cette fonction); l'aˇge avancé ou une lésion antérieure de l'oreille interne peut ětre aussi un facteur de prédisposition. Ce sont les antibiotiques (principalement la néomycine), puis les diurétiques, qui sont le plus souvent en cause. L'atteinte de l'intelligibilité en audiométrie vocale montre que non seulement l'organe de Corti, mais aussi le nerf auditif et les voies auditives centrales sont probablement endommagés dans ces cas. Ces lésions de l'audition une fois établies ne s'améliorent pas spontanément, ni à la suite d'une quelconque médication. L'aide prothétique et la lecture labiale ne peuvent apporter qu'une correction partielle.

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