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Abstract
To determine the role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and prolactin (PRL) in digestion, plasma VIP and PRL levels were measured in healthy, non-obese and obese premenopausal women fed isocaloric breakfasts containing a high carbohydrate or a high fat-protein content. A significant increase in plasma VIP concentration occurred after a high fat-protein breakfast, the increase being independent of body mass index. Plasma PRL level was unaltered by breakfast. Results suggest that the release of VIP after a meal depends on a high fat concentration in the duodenum, which may then stimulate bicarbonate release and fat-stimulated release of cholecystokinin.