Exaggerated Intestinal Histamine Release by Casein and Casein Hydrolysate but Not Whey Hydrolysate

Abstract

Loops of rabbit distal small intestine received luminal acetic acid (pH 4.0) alone or in combination with bovine casein, casein hydrolysate, or whey hydrolysate. Blood-to-lumen movement of ⁵¹Cr-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (an index of epithelial permeability) and loop fluid histamine levels were quantified after 45 min. Luminal acetic acid caused a marked increase in ⁵¹Cr-EDTA accumulation which was not modified by the addition of bovine casein or hydrolysates of casein or whey. However, acetic acid-induced histamine release was potentiated by casein and casein hydrolysate (six- and four-fold respectively) but was not altered by whey hydrolysate. Casein hydrolysate-dependent histamine release was evident in nal-oxone-pretreated rabbits, suggesting that β-casomorphins were not solely responsible. We conclude that luminal casein or casein hydrolysate, but not whey hydrolysate, can activate intestinal mast cells under conditions of enhanced epithelial permeability. This effect appears to involve components other than β-casomorphins.

Key Words:

• Casein
• casomorphins
• epithelial permeability
• histamine
• mast cells
• naloxone
• small intestine