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Abstract
Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) often cause renal dysfunction in cirrhotic patients with ascites through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. However, their renal effects in cirrhotic patients without ascites are controversial. In addition, the role of prostaglandins in cirrhotic patients with ascites and in non-ascitic cirrhotic patients receiving NSAIDs also remains elusive. Thus we evaluated the chronic renal effects of indomethacin and misoprostol in 9 cirrhotic patients with ascites (protocol 1) and 21 cirrhotic patients without ascites (protocol 2).
Methods: The patients of protocol I received 200 μg of misoprostol every 6 h for 7 consecutive days. In protocol 2, 11 patients received 25 mg indomethacin three times a day for 7 consecutive days. The other 10 patients received 25 mg indomethacin three times a day plus 200 μg misoprostol every 6 h for 7 consecutive days. Renal function tests, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone concentration were measured before and after treatment.
Results: In protocol 1, misoprostol tended to reduce the urinary sodium excretion (p = 0.08). In protocol 2, indomethacin alone greatly impaired renal plasma flow (p < 0.05), creatinine clearance (p < 0.05), blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.05), and serum creatinine (p = 0.06) in 11 patients. Similar magnitudes of renal dysfunction were observed in the other 10 patients despite the concomitant misoprostol treatment.
Conclusion: Chronic administration of misoprostol may have caused a negative natriuretic effect in cirrhotic patients with ascites. In cirrhotic patients without ascites chronic administration of indomethacin may induce a renal dysfunction that cannot be reversed by misoprostol.