Vagal System Impairment in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: Does Hepatic Glutathione Deficiency Have a Pathogenetic Role?

Abstract

Background: Both an autonomic impairment and a systemic depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) may be documented in patients with chronic liver diseases and in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Methods: The coefficients of electrocardiographic R-R interval variation (CVc) were assessed in 125 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) (65 HIV-positive and 60 HIV-negative) and in 61 healthy controls. The CVc values were correlated with hepatic (H-GSH), plasmatic (P-GSH), lymphocyte (L-GSH), and erythrocyte (E-GSH) concentrations of GSH and with erythrocyte malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results: Compared with healthy controls, in CHC patients the concentrations of H-GSH, P-GSH, L-GSH, and E-GSH were reduced, whereas MDA levels were increased with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). CVc was significantly reduced in patients with CHC (especially in those who were HIV-positive) and correlated significantly with the values of H-GSH, P-GSH, L-GSH, E-GSH, and MDA (P < 0.001). Conclusions: A dysfunction of the cardiac vagal system may be detected in patients with CHC (especially in those who are HIV-positive); this abnormality may be related to a reduced response to oxidative stress because of a systemic depletion of GSH.

Key Words:

• Autonomic system
• chronic hepatitis C
• hepatitis C virus
• human immunodeficiency virus
• reduced glutathione
• R-R interval variation