Time Lag to Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer–Influence of Psychosocial Parameters and Level of Health-Care Provision

Abstract

Delay in diagnosis of carcinoma of the urinary bladder was studied in 343 patients. The median patient's delay (time from first symptom to first consultation) was 15 days, and was longer when the only presenting symptom was urgency of micturition than when it was haematuria (45 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001). In advanced (T2-T4) tumour, patient's delay was 21 days and in Ta-T1 it was 13 days (NS). The median doctor's delay (time from first consultation to diagnosis) was 62 days. It comprised two phases: A from consultatation to first referral and B from first referral to diagnosis—respective medians 6 and 47 days. Median doctor's delay (A + B) was longer when the initial consultation was with a general practitioner than with a urologist (78 vs. 21 days, p < 0.001) and longer in patients older than 70 years (69 vs. 54 days, p < 0.01). Doctor's delay correlated with symptoms, being longest in cases with only urgency and shortest in haematuria plus pain (114 vs. 44 days, p < 0.001), and also with number of referrals (33, 63, 230 and 117 days, respectively, for 0, 1, 2 and 3 referrals). More women than men were referred a second or third time (25.6% vs. 8.6%, p < 0.001), and doctor's delay was longer for women (76 vs. 59 days, p < 0.05). A questionnaire completed by 203 of the 229 surviving patients revealed no significant correlation between psychosocioeconomic factors and patient's delay.

Keywords:

• bladder cancer
• diagnosis
• patient's delay
• doctor's delay