Metabolic fate analysis of Huang–Lian–Jie–Du Decoction in rat urine and feces by LC–IT-MS combining with LC–FT-ICR-MS: a feasible strategy for the metabolism study of Chinese medical formula

Abstract

1. Huang–Lian–Jie–Du Decoction (HLJDD) is widely used for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, inflammation and neural system diseases in clinic. In the present study, the comprehensive metabolic profile of HLJDD was demonstrated reliably and rapidly followed by the metabolic pathway analysis of six typical pure compounds (four alkaloids, one flavonoid and one iridoid) in HLJDD using LC–IT-MS combined with high resolution LC–FT-ICR-MS.

2. Totally, 85 compounds, including 32 prototype components and 53 biotransformed metabolites were detected and characterized in the urine and feces after oral administration of HLJDD and six pure compounds to rats, respectively. Among them, 17 prototypes were identified definitely with standard references.

3. Hydroxylation, demethylation and glucuronidation reactions of alkaloids, as well as glucuronidation and sulfonation reactions of iridoids and flavonoids, were observed as the major metabolic pathways of HLJDD. Flavonoids, iridoids and their metabolites were mainly excreted from urine. However, amount of alkaloids were detected in feces.

4. In general, the distinctive metabolic process of three kinds of representative components in HLJDD was clarified. The in vivo metabolic network of HLJDD was demonstrated. Meanwhile, the investigation of representative pure compounds in metabolic study provided a valuable strategy to elucidate the full-scale metabolic fate of HLJDD. This might be helpful to understand the in vivo mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

• Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction
• LC–IT-MS combined with LC–FT-ICR-MS
• metabolic fate
• urine and feces

Acknowledgements

We thank Hao Hu for the experiment design and Yao Nan Wang for the metabolite identification and material supply.

Declaration of interest

The work was aided financially by National Natural Science Fund Project (No. 81202904), National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB543003), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes (No. ZZ070832) and Key Project at Central Government Level for Regulating Funds (No. 2060302). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final submitted manuscript. No conflict of interest exists in the submission of this manuscript.