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Abstract
1. Raloxifene is an antiestrogen that has been marketed for the treatment of osteoporosis, and is metabolized into 6- and 4′-glucuronides by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes. In this study, the in vitro glucuronidation of raloxifene in humans and monkeys was examined using liver and intestinal microsomes and recombinant UGT enzymes (UGT1A1, UGT1A8 and UGT1A9).
2. Although the Km and CLint values for the 6-glucuronidation of liver and intestinal microsomes were similar between humans and monkeys, and species differences in Vmax values (liver microsomes, humans > monkeys; intestinal microsomes, humans < monkeys) were observed, no significant differences were noted in the Km or S50, Vmax and CLint or CLmax values for the 4′-glucuronidation of liver and intestinal microsomes between humans and monkeys.
3. The activities of 6-glucuronidation in recombinant UGT enzymes were UGT1A1 > UGT1A8 >UGT1A9 for humans, and UGT1A8 > UGT1A1 > UGT1A9 for monkeys. The activities of 4′-glucuronidation were UGT1A8 > UGT1A1 > UGT1A9 in humans and monkeys.
4. These results demonstrated that the profiles for the hepatic and intestinal glucuronidation of raloxifene by microsomes were moderately different between humans and monkeys.
Declaration of interest
The authors have no duality of interest to declare. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (26281028) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.