Sex differences in the metabolism of (+)-S-145, a novel thromboxane A₂ receptor antagonist in rat

Abstract

1. After the oral administration of 5 mg/kg S-1452 to rat, the plasma levels of (+)-S-145 were similar between the male and female, but there were sex differences in the profiles of its β-oxidized and hydroxylated metabolites in plasma.

2. β-Oxidation of (+)-S-145 determined in vitro was slightly higher in the female than in the male, and agreed with the plasma levels of the β-oxidized metabolites.

3. 5-Hydroxylation activities of (+)-S-145 and β-oxidized metabolites by rat liver microsomes were significantly higher in the male than in the female, but marked sex differences were not observed in 6-hydroxylation activities. These results revealed that differences in monooxygenase activities directly account for the sex differences in the plasma level of 5-hydroxylated metabolites, and that the peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme system also affected the plasma level of 6-hydroxylated metabolites.

4. Biliary excretion was higher in the male than in the female, and quantitative identification of metabolites in bile indicated that this was based on the prominent excretion of taurine conjugates in the male rat. This conclusion was supported by the fact that taurine conjugation activity was higher in male liver homogenates than in the female.