A Delphi study of medical professionalism in Arabian countries: The Four-Gates model

Abstract

Background: Medical professionalism has been described as a set of attributes and behaviors, yet the Western frameworks of medical professionalism may not resonate with the cultural values of non-Western countries.

Aim: This study aims to formulate a professionalism framework for healthcare providers as interpreted by local medical professionals in Arabian countries.

Methods: A purposive sample of 17 experts from diverse disciplines participated in a Delphi study in three rounds. Consensus was identified by content analysis and by numerical analysis of responses on the basic attributes of medical professionalism in Arabian context.

Results: Eight professional traits were shortlisted and coupled in four themes (Gates): dealing with self, dealing with tasks, dealing with others and dealing with God. Self-accountability and self-motivation were interpreted from a faithful viewpoint as “taqwa” and “ehtesab”, respectively, in Arabic.

Discussion: The Four-Gates Model helps in better understanding of medical professionalism as grounded in the minds and culture of Arabs. The model may act as a genuine framework for teaching and learning of medical professionalism in Arab medical schools.

Conclusion: The study highlights the divergent interpretation of medical professionalism between Western and Arabian contexts. The Four-Gates Model may work for faith-driven societies, but not for non-Muslims Arabs students or teachers or in institutions with humanistic values.

Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank members of the reference panel who contributed to the success of this study. Their dedication and expertise were invaluable to constructing the Four-Gates Model of medical professionalism in Arabian context. Experts contributed to the Delphi study from Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. The names of the professors and doctors are alphabetically arranged as follows: Abdel-Aziz El-Feky. Amira Waly, Basem El-Deek, Hassan Abol-Khair, Heba Mohtadi, Hesham Marei, Khalid Al-Umran, Khalid Kamaleddin, Mohamed Al-Qahtani, Mona Al-Sheikh, Mona Ismail, Neveen Mokhtar, Omayma Aly, Shaher Al-Shehry, Shereen El-Tarhouny, Yousef Al-Wehsahi and Yousef Al-Yousef.

The publication of this supplement has been made possible with the generous financial support of the Dr Hamza Alkholi Chair for Developing Medical Education in KSA.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no declaration of interest to report in relation to this article.