Effects of SO₂ Exposure on Canine Pulmonary Epithelial Functions

Abstract

We examined the effects of a single exposure of high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SOJ on the pulmonary epithelium in adult dogs over a period of several weeks. Mucociliary tracheal transport rates and alveolar clearance of ^99rnTc-labeled diethylene triamine pentacetate (^99mTcO₄^-J were measured in vivo, before and immediately after inhalation of 100 ppm or 500 ppm SO₂, and then weekly for 3-5 weeks. At the completion of the in vivo studies, tracheal epithelium was studied in Ussing chambers for bioelectric properties (short-circuited current, transepithelial potential difference), nonelectrolyte permeability for calculation of pore sizes, and changes in bioelectric properties following pharmacological manipulations. These tissues were then fixed for scanning electron microscopy studies. Additional dogs were sacrificed for microscopy studies at several time intervals to provide a histological basis for the altered mucociliary transport. We found that despite marked derangement of mucociliary transport caused by damage to the ciliated cells, recovery occurred over a period of several weeks, and alveolar permeability as assessed by the radioaerosol technique did not change. We concluded that the solubility of SO₂ and perhaps a more severe damaging effect of SO₂ specific on the ciliated cells might be the explanation for the observations.