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Abstract
Actinomyces israelii are gram-positive filamentous bacteria forming yellow sulfur granules. They are the most well known complication of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD). Healthcare staff dealing with reporting cervical smears should be aware of pseudoactinomyces entity in a cervical smears and biopsies as it may raise a false alarm to the clinician and may lead to unnecessary removal of IUCD and/or medical treatment.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors thank Professor James Lowe (University of Nottingham, UK), for his expert opinion on the electron microscopic appearances.
Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.