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Research Article

Development of a novel lipidic nanoparticle probe using liposomal encapsulated Gd2O3–DEG for molecular MRI

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 613-623 | Received 03 Jul 2012, Accepted 07 Jan 2013, Published online: 05 Aug 2013
 

Abstract

Recently, it has been showed that gadolinium oxide nanoparticles can provide high-contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, liposomes due to high biocompatibility have shown unique model systems, with the most successful application being the drug delivery system. As a suitable cell-tracking contrast agent (CA) in molecular MRI (mMRI), the synthesis and optimisation characteristic of a novel paramagnetic liposomes (PMLs) based on gadolinium nanoparticles, essentially composed of a new complex of gadolinium oxide–diethylene glycol (Gd2O3–DEG) loaded in liposomes have been determined in this research. Gd2O3–DEG was prepared by a new supervised polyol method and was encapsulated with liposome by the film hydration method. The paramagnetic liposome nanoparticle (PMLN) sizes ranged from 65 to 170 nm. The r1 of PMLNs and Gd2O3–DEG were much higher than that of Gd-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA). In MC/9 cell lines, the experiments showed similar results as in water. PMLNs with lower T1 than Gd-DTPA are sensitive, positive MRI CA that could be attractive candidates for cellular and molecular lipid content targets such as diagnostic applications.

Abbreviations
mMRI=

molecular magnetic resonance imaging

PET=

positron emission tomography

SPECT=

single photon emission computed tomography

Gd–DTPA=

Gd-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid

SPIO=

super paramagnetic iron oxide

FOV=

field of view

FSE=

fast spin echo

DLS=

dynamic light scattering

DEG=

diethylene glycol

PD=

proton density

TEM=

transmission electron microscopy

XRD=

X-ray diffraction

VSM=

vibrating sample magnetometer

ICP=

induced coupled plasma-atomic

AES=

atomic emission spectroscopy

FTIR=

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

RPMI=

Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium

DMEM=

Dulbecco modified eagle's medium

FBS=

fetal bovine serum

LDH=

lactate dehydrogenase

DMSO=

dimethyl sulphoxide

PMLNs=

paramagnetic liposome nanoparticles

T1=

longitudinal relaxation time

T2=

transverse relaxation time

SI=

signal intensity

SNR=

signal to noise ratio

SE=

spin echo

R1=

longitudinal relaxation rate (1/T1)

R2=

transverse relaxation rate (1/T2)

r1=

longitudinal relaxivity

r2=

transverse relaxivity.

Abbreviations
mMRI=

molecular magnetic resonance imaging

PET=

positron emission tomography

SPECT=

single photon emission computed tomography

Gd–DTPA=

Gd-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid

SPIO=

super paramagnetic iron oxide

FOV=

field of view

FSE=

fast spin echo

DLS=

dynamic light scattering

DEG=

diethylene glycol

PD=

proton density

TEM=

transmission electron microscopy

XRD=

X-ray diffraction

VSM=

vibrating sample magnetometer

ICP=

induced coupled plasma-atomic

AES=

atomic emission spectroscopy

FTIR=

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

RPMI=

Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium

DMEM=

Dulbecco modified eagle's medium

FBS=

fetal bovine serum

LDH=

lactate dehydrogenase

DMSO=

dimethyl sulphoxide

PMLNs=

paramagnetic liposome nanoparticles

T1=

longitudinal relaxation time

T2=

transverse relaxation time

SI=

signal intensity

SNR=

signal to noise ratio

SE=

spin echo

R1=

longitudinal relaxation rate (1/T1)

R2=

transverse relaxation rate (1/T2)

r1=

longitudinal relaxivity

r2=

transverse relaxivity.

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