Abstract
Purpose: The aim was to study by computer simulations the insulating role of the reactive zone surrounding a cortical osteoid osteoma (OO) in terms of electrical and thermal performance during radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Material and methods: We modelled a cortical OO consisting of a nidus (10 mm diameter) enclosed by a reactive zone. The OO was near a layer of cortical bone 1.5 mm thick. Trabecular bone partially surrounds the OO and there was muscle around the cortical bone layer. We modelled RF ablations with a non-cooled-tip 17-gauge needle electrode (300 s duration and 90 °C target temperature). Sensitivity analyses were conducted assuming a reactive zone electrical conductivity value (σrz) within the limits of the cortical and trabecular bone, i.e. 0.02 S/m and 0.087 S/m, respectively. In this way we were really modelling the different degrees of osteosclerosis associated with the reactive zone. Results: The presence of the reactive zone drastically reduced the maximum temperature reached outside it. The temperature drop was proportional to the thickness of the reactive zone: from 68 °C when it was absent to 44 °C when it is 7.5 mm thick. Higher nidus conductivity values (σn) implied higher temperatures, while lower temperatures meant higher σrz values. Changing σrz from 0.02 S/m to 0.087 S/m reduced lesion diameters from 2.4 cm to 1.8 cm. Conclusions: The computer results suggest that the reactive zone plays the role of insulator in terms of reducing the temperature in the surrounding area.
Declaration of interest
This work was supported by a grant from the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica de Argentina (Ref. PICT-2012-1201), and by the Spanish Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad under grant number TEC2014-52383-C3-R (TEC2014-52383-C3-1-R). The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.