Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor in enlarging brain arteriovenous malformations – a case report

Abstract

Case. A 24-year-old man with Spetzler–Martin (S–M) Grade III arteriovenous malformation (AVM). He was conservatively treated, but AVM significantly increased in size over 5 years, judged as Grade IV. Subsequently, he developed intracerebral hemorrhage. AVM was totally removed. Immunohistochemistry showed that the endothelial cells in the dura and nidus were positive for VEGF and VEGF-R.

Keywords::

• angiogenesis
• BAVMs
• enlarging
• VEGF
• VEGF-R

Declaration of interest: We declare that we have no conflict of interest in connection with this paper. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.