Factors that predict hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate potential risk factors that can predict the development of hydrocephalus (HCP) in adult patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Methods. Retrospective analysis of all adult patients presented to King Fahad Medical City between 2004 and 2011 with intraventricular hemorrhage to evaluate different variables and their association with HCP. Results. A total of 31 patients were included in the study, 14 patients (45.16%) developed HCP. Seventy-four percent of HCP patients (10 out of 14) had Graeb classification of ≥6 and/or had IVH affecting all ventricles, while 76% of the patients without HCP (13 out of 17) had a Graeb classification of < 6 and/or had IVH only in the lateral ventricles (8 out of 17) or lateral ventricles and either third or fourth ventricle (5 out of 17). Statistical analysis showed that HCP is significantly associated with both Graeb classification of 6 or greater number of IVH affecting all ventricles and 3 versus 1–2 affected ventricles; (OR (95% CI, p value), respectively, 19.3(2, > 20), p value < 0.05; 8.5 (1.6, > 30), p value < 0.05. Conclusion. HCP following IVH is present in approximately half of all IVH cases. In the present retrospective study, it was found that patients with higher grades of IVH and/or a greater number of affected ventricles had a greater risk of developing HCP.

Keywords::

• hydrocephalus
• intraventricular hemorrhage
• intracerebral hemorrhage
• neurosurgery
• vascular neurosurgery

Acknowledgments

We highly appreciate the help of Dr. May Almoharb for her effort in collecting the data.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no declarations of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.