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Abstract
Primary objective: To study the predictive capacity of early S100β samples for long-term outcome prediction after severe TBI.
Methods and procedures: Eighty-seven patients with severe TBI were studied. Clinical and CT scan were taken at admission. S100β concentration was quantified at admission and 24, 48 and 72 hours post-TBI (days 0, 1, 2 and 3). Outcome was assessed 12 months after discharge using Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS).
Results: Significant negative correlations were found between 1-year GOS and S100β concentrations on days 1–3, but not on day 0. Deceased patients showed higher S100β concentration than survivors on days 1–3. Good (GOS = 4–5) vs poor outcome (GOS = 1–3) differed significantly on day 3. Death outcome was independently predicted by day 2 (>2.37 µg l−1), day 3 (>1.41 µg l−1) samples and absence of pupillary reaction. Poor outcome was predicted independently only by pupillary reaction and the 72-hour sample (>1.1 µg l−1), but this predictive model was less satisfactory than the predictive model for death.
Conclusions: A temporal profile of S100β release from admission to 72 hours post-TBI is strongly recommended for use in identifying patients at risk of developing a worse outcome. The S100β protein might be an early biomarker for predicting long-term outcome in patients with acute severe TBI.
| Abbreviations | ||
| TBI | = | traumatic brain injury |
| GOS | = | Glasgow Outcome Score |
| CT | = | computed tomography scan |
| ICU | = | intensive care unit |
| CNS | = | central nervous system |
| GCS | = | Glasgow Coma Scale |
| AIS | = | Abbreviated Injury Score |
| ISS | = | Injury Severity Score |
| TCDB | = | Traumatic Coma Data Bank |
| CPP | = | cerebral perfusion pressure |
| OR | = | odds ratio |
| ROC | = | receiver operating characteristics |
| AUC | = | area under the curve. |
| Abbreviations | ||
| TBI | = | traumatic brain injury |
| GOS | = | Glasgow Outcome Score |
| CT | = | computed tomography scan |
| ICU | = | intensive care unit |
| CNS | = | central nervous system |
| GCS | = | Glasgow Coma Scale |
| AIS | = | Abbreviated Injury Score |
| ISS | = | Injury Severity Score |
| TCDB | = | Traumatic Coma Data Bank |
| CPP | = | cerebral perfusion pressure |
| OR | = | odds ratio |
| ROC | = | receiver operating characteristics |
| AUC | = | area under the curve. |
Acknowledgements
This research was made possible in part by the generous donation of Protein S100β Electrochemiluminescence assay kits by Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany.
Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.