The Sensory Stimulation Assessment Measure (SSAM): A tool for early evaluation of severely brain-injured patients

Abstract

There has been little definitive research ono the efficacy of sensory stimulation, yet many brain-injury rehabilitation programmes offer some form of it as treatment for severely injured patients. In general, however, sensory stimulation programmes and outcome studies alike lack precise definitions of terms, consistent criteria of patient selection, and valid and reliable measures of response to treatment. The Sensory Stimulation Assessment Measure (SSAM) was developed as a neuropsychological approach that provides a reliable and valid measure of responsiveness in patients who can neither communicate nor consistently follow commands. Patient responses arc divided into three six-point behavioural scales (Eye Opening, Motor, and Vocalization) that require little evaluator subjectivity or inference. The measure may be used in treatment planning and is designed to address the rigorous demands of scientific research. Validity, reliability, and normative data are presented.