Comparison of Voriconazole Concentration in the Aqueous Humor and Vitreous between Non-Scraped and Scraped Corneal Epithelium Groups after Topical 1% Voriconazole Application

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the penetration of topical 1% voriconazole through the cornea into the aqueous humor in New Zealand white rabbits and to determine the effect of mechanical scraping of the corneal epithelium.

Materials and Methods: The right eyes of 29 New Zealand white rabbits were maintained with the epithelium intact, and the left eyes underwent mechanical epithelium debridement of the central 7.5 mm of the cornea. A loading dose consisted of a drop of 1% voriconazole applied every 5 min for the initial half hour and followed by a maintenance dose consisting of a drop every 20 min, which was applied for about 2 hr. Then, the first sample was obtained 5 min after the first seven doses (loading dose) were given, and then four more samples were taken 5 min after four more subsequent drops (maintenance dose). The samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography.

Results: The mean aqueous concentration of voriconazole was 33.44 ± 5.77 μg/mL 5 min after the loading dose in the non-scraped group and 57.67 ± 6.77 μg/mL in the scraped group, respectively. The mean aqueous concentration of voriconazole was maintained in a range from 19.97 to 23.70 μg/mL 5 min after the maintenance doses in the non-scraped group and from 44.44 to 49.02 μg/ mL in the scraped group. The mean vitreous concentration of voriconazole ranged from 0.38 to 0.49 μg/mL in the non-scraped group and ranged from 0.72 to 0.94 μg/mL in the scraped group. These levels were statistically significant (P < 0.05) between the scraped and non-scraped groups.

Conclusions: Topically administered voriconazole achieved minimum inhibitory concentrations in the aqueous for all the organisms most commonly involved in fungal endophthalmitis and achieved minimum inhibitory concentrations in the vitreous for some pathogenic fungi. The concentrations of voriconazole were higher in the scraped group than in the non-scraped group.

KEYWORDS::

• Aqueous humor
• Endophthalmitis
• Pharmacokinetics
• Rabbit
• Voriconazole

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Biostatistics Task Force of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC for statistical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Tunghai University (TCVGH-T977812) Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.